Addiction Defenses: Denial, Justification, Deception, Manipulation
The “protective defense” of denial.
Following is the complete series I wrote on the dynamics and defenses people use as they develop a substance use disorder (SUD). The primary defenses used as addiction progresses are denial, justification, deception, and manipulation.
Denial, Justification, Deception, Manipulation
For the family members of an individual developing an SUD, these defenses are known as “the crazy makers”. The “crazy makers” cause frustration, self-doubt, and downright exasperation! But the over-use of defenses is actually a function of a developing brain disease. Knowing this, helps family members and friends. They can develop a healthier, non-personalized approach to dealing with this complex chronic brain disease.
We are better prepared to see the difference between the person we love and the disease, when we look at defenses in a factual light. We are then able to engage and confront the disease process, not the person. And we can disengage from our own reactive behaviors towards these defenses.
Denial of Addiction – the First Stage of Acceptance
Denial is defined as a “protective defense that keeps people from being overwhelmed by a current painful reality”. All people use denial as part of any acceptance process. And acceptance begins with denial as the first stage of the process! People developing an SUD use denial to protect themselves from the painful reality. Family and friends also use denial to protect themselves from their loved one’s addiction. In her book, Addiction in the Family, Virginia Kelly, PhD, addresses how the family organizes itself around, “shame, control, and denial”. Because the person with an SUD becomes the focus of the family’s attention.
Before you read on about denial, I encourage readers to take a quick look at these two articles:
Do You Know How Active Addiction Feels?
Commitment to the Change Process
In the Commitment to Change article, we discussed how a person must be “ready, willing, and able” to make a change. A person developing an SUD is more likely to be willing and able if they feel valued and understood in their circumstances. The sooner you stop denying, the sooner you can move on and get the help you deserve.
Denial as a defense …
Importantly, a person with an SUD is feeling self-conscious, defensive, confused, and conflicted. They are also questioning their ability to maintain control. This emotional situation is created by the developing disease. In fact, the chaos is an early warning sign that the primary substance is hijacking the “reward center” of the brain.
At this time, The disease process takes over the structure and function of inner brain communication. This reduces access to the cerebral cortex. And in turn it reduces perception, awareness, memory, language, and consciousness. In that regard, the primary focus becomes procuring and using the substance. And life begins to focus on using “people, places and things”. Interacting with non-using “people, places and things” falls off to the side.
A person developing a substance use disorder must use denial to cope with the major changes of focus in their life. This is done to protect their developing physical reliance on the substance. Likewise, the brain directs the person to deny any challenges to their harmful and risky lifestyle. The person must protect themselves from further negative feelings of guilt, shame and embarrassment.
A person developing a substance use disorder must use defenses to cope with the change of focus in their life.
Minimizing and Redirecting Denial
An individual demonstrates denial by “minimizing”. In other words, they report their substance use as much less than actually occurs. And the amount of time spent thinking about or planning for substance use is rarely discussed. This becomes a constant source of conflict and stress in family relationships.
Someone with a developing SUD re-directs challenges to their behavior. They’ll talk about someone who they believe “has a much worse problem than me”. Consequently, these tactics throw the challenger off course and end the conversation.
Family and friends know these tactics well. Also, when they challenge the denials, they experience feelings of self-doubt, guilt, frustration and anger. Arguments occur, and oftentimes its just the dumping of negative feelings.
Everyone walks away feeling unheard and disrespected. More emotional distance occurs. And there is no effective response to the developing brain disease or the negative impact on relationships. Resentment builds and the problem continues to move forward.
Acceptance begins with denial as the first step of the process!
How Do Loved Ones Deal with Addiction Defenses – Denial?
Acknowledge your own denial. How do the above described situations sound like something you have experienced? Share your responses to these situations along with your thoughts and feelings with an understanding person.
Acknowledge and attempt to understand denial is a function of this brain disease.
And know that what starts as denial can move to acceptance-acceptance on everyone’s part.
Start sharing your honest thoughts and feelings with your loved one using “I statements”.
Remove the use of “reactivity” to statements of denial by your loved one. This means no more blaming, shaming, judgments, or demoralizing comments to your loved one’s statements!
Absolutely refuse to argue about feelings!
Behave consistently with what you verbalize!
Remember this – all people use denial as part of any acceptance process. And acceptance begins with denial as the first stage of the process! The sooner one comes to terms with their problem, the sooner they can move on and get the help they deserve.
At Sanford, we follow a medical model of treatment and we also treat addiction as a family disease. We offer education and support to the family and friends of our clients in treatment. We believe that family can have a positive influence on their loved ones to seek treatment and experience success in recovery.
For the Entire Series on Addiction Defenses:
Justification of Addiction – Second Stage of Change
Deception as a Defense in Addiction – Third Stage of Change
Manipulation – The Fourth Defense of Addiction
